釜式反應器

釜式反應器按操作方式可分為：

間歇釜式反應器,或稱間歇釜。
特點：操作靈活，易于適應不同操作條件和產品品種，適用于小批量、多品種、反應時間較長的產品生產。間歇釜的缺點是：需有裝料和卸料等輔助操作，產品質量也不易穩定。但有些反應過程，如一些發酵反應和聚合反應，實現連續生產尚有困難，至今還采用間歇釜。
連續釜式反應器,或稱連續釜
特點：可避免間歇釜的缺點，但攪拌作用會造成釜內流體的返混。在攪拌劇烈、液體粘度較低或平均停留時間較長的場合，釜內物料流型可視作全混流，反應釜相應地稱作全混釜。在要求轉化率高或有串聯副反應的場合，釜式反應器中的返混現象是不利因素。此時可采用多釜串聯反應器,以減小返混的不利影響，并可分釜控制反應條件。
半連續釜式反應器:指一種原料一次加入，另一種原料連續加入的反應器，其特性介于間歇釜和連續釜之間。

The kettle reactor can be divided into:

Batch tank reactor, or batch kettle.
Features: Flexible operation, easy to adapt to different operating conditions and product varieties, suitable for small batch, multi-variety, long reaction time production. The disadvantage of the batch kettle is that it requires auxiliary operations such as charging and unloading, and the product quality is not easy to stabilize. However, some reaction processes, such as some fermentation reactions and polymerization reactions, have difficulty in achieving continuous production, and batch kettles have hitherto been used.
Continuous tank reactor
Features: The disadvantages of the batch kettle can be avoided, but the agitation will cause backmixing of the fluid in the kettle. In the case of vigorous stirring, low liquid viscosity or long average residence time, the material flow pattern in the kettle can be regarded as a full mixed flow, and the reaction kettle is correspondingly referred to as a full mixed kettle. In the case where a high conversion rate or a series side reaction is required, the back mixing phenomenon in the tank reactor is a disadvantage. In this case, a multi-tank reactor can be used to reduce the adverse effects of back mixing, and the reaction conditions can be controlled by a separate kettle.
Semi-continuous tank reactor: refers to a reactor in which one raw material is added at a time, and another raw material is continuously fed, and its characteristics are between a batch reactor and a continuous reactor.